Oil burner



Feb. 4, 1936.

O. C; SCHROEDER El' AL OIL BURNER Filed Nov.

2l, 1950 2 Sheets-,Sheet l Feb., 136. o. c. scHFzvoElnER4 ET AL 2,029,741

OIL BURNER Filed Nov, 21, 1930 2 sheets-shet 2 Patented Feb. 4, 1936 UNITED STATES `PATENT OFFICE OIL BURNER Illinois Application November 21, 1930, Serial No. 497,314

6 Claims.

Our invention relates tol oil burners of the type comprising perforated shells disposed one within the other in spaced relation and presenting a combustion chamber in which the oil, in gasied condition and mixed with air, is combusted, such type of burner being provided for use more particularly in ranges and furnaces.

Certain of our objects, generallyv stated, are to provide a novel, simple, economical, and positively operating construction of burner of the type above referred to; to provide a construction of burnerwhich, even when low volatile oil is used as the fuel, may be started relatively quickly into operation; and in which substantially perfect combustion of the oil will be effected; to minimize objectionable carbonization of the oil in the feed pipe; to permit of the base portion of the burner-head being made of relatively thin gauge sheet metal without danger o-f distortion thereof or damage in the assembling of the fittings with the feed pipes; and other objects as will be manifest from the following description.

Referring to the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a view in elevation, certain parts being sectioned, of an oil burner constructed in accordance with our invention.

Figure 2 is a plan view, partly in section, of the structure shown in Fig. 1, the view being taken at the irregular line 2-2 on Fig. 1 and viewed in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 3 is a plan sectional view taken at the line 3--3 on Fig. 1 and viewed in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 4 is a broken View in sectional elevation showing certain details of the construction.

Figure 5 is a broken enlarged plan View of a portion of one of the rings forming a part of the construction; and

Figure 6, a View in side elevation of another ring forming a part of the construction.

'Ihe particular illustrated burner, shown as of the double burner-head type, comprises a base plate 1 preferably pressed into the desired form from sheet metal and of oblong shape presenting at its center a downwardly offset portion 3 and f having an upturned continuous marginal flange 9 provided with outturned legs I0 at the ends of the plate. The end portions of the plate'l .contain circular openings II the walls of which are upwardly flanged as represented at I2.

'Ihe burner structure is designed to be supported on its base plate 1, as for example on a pedestal represented generally at I3, the upper portion of which is in the form of a threaded stud I4. The plate 1 is shown as reinforced by a plate I5 and these parts contain alining holes I6 and I1 through which an internally threaded tubularl member I8 extends with its lower thin edge crimped against the underside of the plate I5, the member I8 being screwed upon the upper end of the stud I4, the structure thus vprovided being very rigid.

The two burnerl heads are represented at I9 and as they are of identical construction the following detailed description will be directed to one only thereof.

The burner head comprises a lower ring .member 20 which is preferably circular and continuous, but which may be of non-circular form and non-continuous if desired, this ring member resting on, and being secured, as by welding, to, the legs I0, this ring member being preferably stamped from sheet metal and having annular upwardly diverging marginal flanges 2| and 22, the upper edge portions of which are represented at 23 and 24, respectively. The portions 23 and `24 are preferably Aformed as shown to provide annular seats 23a and 24a yabove which the metal of these flanges is inwardly formed as repre.- sented at 23b and 24h, respectively, for a purpose hereinafter described.

The bottom of the ring member 2D 1s upwardly offset, as represented at 25, throughout its cir- .cumference except for a relatively small area thereof represented at 26 (see Figs. 4 and 5), whereby the flanges 2| land 22, with the side walls of the upwardly deflecting portion 25, form troughs 2'I and 28 in which wicking, in the form of rings 29, is located.

The ring member 20 is provided in its bottom .at the area 26 with an opening 30 forming an ,oil inlet and communicating with the upper `end of an oil feed pipe 3| leading from any suitable source of oil to be used as the fuel, as for example as commonly provided in burners of this general vtype and comprising a reservoir for .oil so a1'- ranged and associated with How-controlling mechanism (not shown) that the oil is prevented ,from rising above substantially a predetermined level in the burner heads.

The oil feed pipes 3|, one for each burner head I9, are shown as fitting endwise against the underside of the ring members 20 to which they are preferably welded, and extend downwardly through openings in the plates 'I and I5 and connect with pipes 32 which lead to the oil supply, the pipes 32 extending directly beneath the solid portions of the plate "I,

The pipes 3| .are rigidly secured to the plate structure comprising the plates 1 and I5 as for example by providing the pipes 3| with shoulderportions 3 |aL between which and nuts 3|b screwed on the pipes 3| below the plates, the pipes 3| are rigidly clamped to the plate structure referred to, the pipes 3| being connected with the pipes 32 as by couplings and fittings represented at 32a and 3|, respectively. l v

The bottom of the ring member is provided at intervals with openings 33 in which short vertical pipes 34 are secured, these pipes thus being open at their lower ends for the upward discharge of air therethrough and into an air chamber or passage thereabove and hereinafter described. The metal of the plate 'l forming the walls of the openings 33 is preferably upwardly annularly anged as represented at 33a and the lower ends of the pipes 34 are provided above their lower ends with annular ribs 34a at which these pipes seat on the upper edges of the flanges 33a, the lower edges of the pipes 34 being outwardly deflected at 34h against the underside of the ring member 20.

Surmounting the ring member 20 is a ring member 35 in the form of an inverted channel, the ring member 35, which is' narrower than the ring member 20, being preferably circular and continuous as in the case of the ring member 2|),

but, if desired, may be made non-circular in shape and non-continuous. The ring member 35 rests at its surrounding side portions 36 at legs hereinafter described, on the upwardly offset portion of the ring member 20 in centralized position thereon and thus in spaced relation to the anges 2| and 22, the upper edge portions of the side walls 36 being inwardly deflected as represented at 31, preferably to present the same cross-sectional contour as the portions 23 and 24 of the ring member 26, Viz., to provide flat seats 37a and outwardly formed portions 3`|b thereabove. The lower edges. of the side walls 36 are cut away at intervals to cause laterallyopening slit-like passages 38 to be provided along the lower edges of the ring 36, with legs 35a above referred to interposed therebetween, the passages 38 being provided for the escape therethrough in opposite directions of the fuel vapor generated in the burner adjacent the inlet as hereinafter described. In the particular construction shown in each wall portion 36 is shown as containing six of these elongated slots, these slots being so proportioned that substantially equal amounts of vapor ow through these slots in both walls 36.

The ring member contains openings 39 therethrough which register with the pipes 34 and through which the latter extend, (the pipes causing the ring member 35 to become properly centralized on 'the ring member 20), whereby air from beneath the ring member 20 may ofw up'-V wardly through the ring members 2U and 35 and discharge above the ring member 35 without mixing with the contents of the passage provided between these ring members and rep-resentedat 40.

The burner head also comprises perforated sheet metal shells of different diameters, and preferably cylindrical, the particularl construction shown having four such shells represented at 4|, 42, 43 and 44, though a greater or less number thereof may be provided if desired, these shells being arranged one within the other in concentric spaced apart relation. The shell 4| telescopes with the offset portion 24 of the flange 22; the shell 42 telescopes with the inner offset portion 3'! of the ring member 35; the shell 43 telescopes with the outer oifset portion 31 of the ring member 35; and the shell 44 telescopes with the offset portion 23 of flange 2|. There is thus provided three concentric annular chambers 45, 46 and 41, the outermost and innermost ones 45 and 47 of which are combustion chambers, and the intermediate one 46, an air chamber. The inner shell 4| forms a central air chamber 48 open at its bottom and in substantially vertical alinement with the adjacent one of the openings in the base plate l.

Extending across the tops of the air chambers 46 and 48 and the combustion chamber 45, is a cover plate 49 which closes the upper ends of the chambers 46 and 48, but is slotted, as represented at 50 at the portion thereof extending across the top of the chamber 45, this plate being provided with a circular depressed central portion 5| at which it telescopes with the upper end of the shell 4|, and with a depressed annular portion 52 at which it telescopes with the shells 42 and 43.

The operation of the burner is as follows:

In starting the burner, when cold, oil is permitted to flow through the inlet 3|) into the troughs 21 and 28 thus soaking the wicks 29 with oil, the oil not rising above the upper surface of the deflected portion 25, it being noted that by providing the oil-troughs 2l and 28 as shown, viz., relatively narrow and deep, the wicks are caused to be quickly saturated throughout their extent by a relatively small amount of oil supplied to these troughs, with the manifest advantage. The oil on the wicks is then lighted and the heat generated thereby soon heats the burner structure to a temperature sufiicient to vaporize oil which is then permitted to again ow through the feed-pipe 3|, the oil becoming vaporized adjacent the inlet 30 and rising in the space, above the area. 26, this space constituting a vaporizing chamber across the top of which the ring member 35 extends, and flowing into and along the space which forms a vapor space or passage from which a part of the vapor discharges through the slots 38 in one of the side walls 36 radially out-V wardly into the bottom of the combustion chamber 41 and the remainder of the vapor in the space 4|) discharges radially inwardly through the slots 38 in the other side wall 36 into the bottom of the combustion chamber 45, the vapor in rising in these combustion chambers becoming mixed with combustion-supporting air flowing into these chambers through the perforations in the shells 4|, 42, 43 and 44, the air which passes through the shells 42 and 43 being supplied through the pipes 34.

It will be noted from the foregoing that the provision of the air-tubes 34, which are relatively hot during the operation of the burner, ensures very effective preheating of the air supplied to the chamber 46 inasmuch as the air ilowing thereto is divided into a plurality of relatively small streams which contact with these tubes.

The provision of the seats 23a, 24B and 31a, with the portions 23h, 24b and 3'1b thereabove is of advantage as upward creeping of the shells associated therewith when heated is prevented. The shells seat on substantially iiat seats and are embraced by the portions 23h, 24b and 3'|b and thus circumferential expansion of the shells exerts no lifting action on the shells.

By positioning the pipes 32 beneath solid portions of the plate the latter serves as a shield to protect these pipes from radiant heat produced by the burner and thus carbonjzation and vaporization of oil in these pipes are prevented.

It will be noted that the support of each burner head on the ring member 20, which preferably are made of relatively thin gauge metal, is a three point support, viz., at the two legs l and at the upper end of the pipe 3l, which simplies the construction of the burner.

Another feature of advantage is that of providing the plate 'l adjacent the upper end of the pipe 3l, which protects the part of the pipe 3| below the plate from heat generated by the burner and which, if the plate were not provided, would carbonize and vaporize the oil in this part of the pipe and which portion of the pipe is diilicult to clean of accumulations especially when provided with an angle fitting, such as 3 Ic.

As will be understood from the foregoing description the pipes 3i are rightly held to the plate structure which, in the construction show-n, comprises the plates 1 and l5, the plate-structure being rigid with the pedestal I3. Thus in the tighening of fittings and couplings connecting the feed pipes 3| with the pipes leading from the oil supply, the stresses thus produced Will be resisted by the relatively rigid pedestal and plate structure and will not be exerted against the ring member 20 which thus may be of relatively light gauge metal.

The provision of the upturned flanges 33a at the openings in the ring member 35 avoid the necessity of providing oil-tight joints between the pipes 34 and ring member 35 as these flanges form dams holding back the oil should it for any reason rise slightly above the top of the upwardly oifset portion 25.

It will be understood that the parts of the burner head may be made of stamped sheet mety al as explained whereby the structure may be manufactured very economically. Furthermore, the parts which serve to communicate heat to the oil for vaporizing it may be made relatively thin whereby they quickly attain a temperature suiiicient to vaporize the oil, thus requiring the minimum of time for conditioning the burner for automatic operation.

While the shells for each combustion chamber are shown and described as perforated it is not necessary that both shells for each chamber be perforated so far as certain features of our invention are concerned and thus by reciting in the appended claims that certain of the shells are perforated, we intend to cover a structure in which either, both or only one of the shells of the combustion chamber are perforated.

What we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. An oil-burner comprising a burner head, a support, a plate carried by said support and located beneath said head, said plate having spaced apart portions including an oil feed-pipe leading to said burner head and supported on said plate and cooperating with said spacedapart portions to form a seat upon which said head is seated, said spaced apart portions and said oil pipe being grouped around the center of the head.

2. An oil-burner comp-rising a burner head, a support, a plate carried by said support and located beneath said head, said plate having spaced apart portions upon which said head is seated and an oil-feed pipe extending upwardly through, and anchored in, said plate and forming a seat for said head, said spaced apart-portions and said oil pipe being grouped around the center of the head.

3. An oil burner comprising a burner head having asheet metal lower, base, portion, a support, a plate carried by said support and located beneath said head, said plate having spaced apart portions upon which the base portion of said head is seated, and an oil feed pipe supported on said plate and opening through said base member and supplementing said spaced apart portions for supporting said base portion, said spaced apart portions and said oil pipe being grouped around the center of the head.

4. A liquid fuel burner comprising, in combination: a base ring formed with spaced, concentric upwardly opening annular channels; an inverted channel shaped member located above the space between said channels and above the level of, and forming no part of, the channels in said base, radially filling said space and with at least portions of its lower edges spaced from said ring; means supporting said member, shells, certain of which are perforated, supported respectively at the outer periphery of the outer channel, at the inner periphery of the inner channel and at the inner and outer peripheries respectively of said inverted channel member to define inner and outer combustion chambers and an air chamber therebetween; means to supply air to said air chamber; and means to supply vaporized fuel to the annular chamber defined by said inverted channel member comprising a vaporizing chamber formed in a portion of said annular chamber and means to supply liquid fuel to said vaporizing chamber.

5. A liquid fuel burner comprising, in combination: an annular channel-shaped base ring the flanges of which extend upwardly; an annular member of channel section of less width than said ring, supported above, and concentric with, said ring, the flanges of said annular member extending downwardly; and spaced concentric vertical shells, certain of which are foraminous, rising, respectively, from the outer and inner peripheries of said ring and from the inner and outer peripheries of said annular member to define inner and outer combustion chambers, an air chamber therebetween and a central downwardly open air chamber; said annular member in conjunction with said base ring forming a vaporized fuel passage, constituting the principal passage for distributing vaporized fuel to said combustion chambers; means spacing the lower edges of said annular member from said base ring to afford practically uninterrupted communication between said vaporized fuel passage and both of said combustion chambers; vertical tubes opening through the bottom of said base ring and the web of said annular member and extending through said vapor distributing passage for supplying air to said air chamber; means comprising a vaporizing section of said base ring to supply vaporized fuel to said vaporized fuel passage; and means for supplying fuel to said vaporizing section.

6. A liquid fuel burner comprising, in combination: a base ring formed with spaced concentric annular channels, said channels being formed in part by a raised portion therebetween forming the inner wall of the outer channel and the outer wall of the inner channel; said raised portion being discontinuous at a portion thereof to provide a vaporizing chamber extending from the outer wall of the outer channel to the inner wall of the inner channel; liquid fuel supply means opening into said vaporizing chamber; a continuous, annular, inverted-channel member supported in position above said raised portion with portions of the edges of its iianges spaced therefrom, the Web Vof said channel member formingl the upper Wall of said vaporizing chamber and the upper wall of a continuous annular Vaporized fuel passage above said raised portion; means for supporting said member; concentric spaced shells, certain of which are perforated, rising from the inner and outer peripheries of said base ring and of said inverted channel meml:l0 ber respectively and defining inner and outer combustion chambersV each in communication With said Vaporized fuel passage, and an air chamber Abetween said combustion chambers; and means for admitting air to said air chamber; said upper Wall of the vaporizing chamber shielding said liquid fuel inlet from radiation from said combustion chambers. 

